Section 705 is best read to allow courts to stay agency action across the board. For litigants seeking to move quickly against unlawful executive action, it should be a powerful tool.

There is a powerful means to challenge executive action apart from the Administrative Procedure Act.

Agencies could conceivably use AI at numerous points in the rulemaking process, raising a host of legal and policy questions. AI tools of various stripes could be used to identify subjects for rulemaking or regulations in need of revision or elaboration. 

So-called “universal” injunctions—court orders that bar the government from enforcing a challenged policy against anyone, not just the plaintiffs in a case—have been a feature of litigation against the Trump administration. Or at least they were. In last Friday’s decision in Trump v. CASA,

 Over the last several months, the administration has sought to shrink the federal government by slashing the federal workforce and by dismantling entire agencies. Those efforts have repeatedly run aground in the courts before judges appointed by presidents of both parties (including by President Trump himself).

With the adults long since dismissed and Congress missing in action, resistance to this Trump power grab could come from an unlikely source: federal judges.